[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/suezska-krize-mocensky-souboj-v-africe-ktery-zmenil-civilizaci\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/suezska-krize-mocensky-souboj-v-africe-ktery-zmenil-civilizaci\/","headline":"Suezsk\u00e1 krize \u2013 mocensk\u00fd souboj v Africe, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil civilizaci","name":"Suezsk\u00e1 krize \u2013 mocensk\u00fd souboj v Africe, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil civilizaci","description":"Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav, 163 km dlouh\u00fd kan\u00e1l spojuj\u00edc\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00ed a Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Sv\u00fdm otev\u0159en\u00edm roku 1869 ukon\u010dil zdlouhav\u00e9 obeplouv\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 Afriky p\u0159i obchodech s Asi\u00ed, a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc rozto\u010dil u\u017e tak rozjet\u00e1 kola sv\u011btov\u00e9ho trhu. Ten v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e ovl\u00e1dalo USA, ale ve spojitosti se Suezem to bylo zejm\u00e9na Britsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium, z\u00e1rove\u0148 do pr\u016fplavu investovalo ... <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/suezska-krize-mocensky-souboj-v-africe-ktery-zmenil-civilizaci\/\" class=\"more-link\">P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"Suezsk\u00e1 krize \u2013 mocensk\u00fd souboj v Africe, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil civilizaci\"<\/span> &raquo;<\/a>","datePublished":"2020-03-09","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53c590fdd1ec24ee297a15a00a0829b5191e9163e4cc5dbbee20ed40fcc30ad9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53c590fdd1ec24ee297a15a00a0829b5191e9163e4cc5dbbee20ed40fcc30ad9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ibright.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a373491_w4288_t1585033110.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a373491_w4288_t1585033110.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.ibright.cz\/suezska-krize-mocensky-souboj-v-africe-ktery-zmenil-civilizaci\/","about":["Business"],"wordCount":590,"articleBody":"Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav, 163 km dlouh\u00fd kan\u00e1l spojuj\u00edc\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00ed a Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Sv\u00fdm otev\u0159en\u00edm roku 1869 ukon\u010dil zdlouhav\u00e9 obeplouv\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 Afriky p\u0159i obchodech s Asi\u00ed, a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc rozto\u010dil u\u017e tak rozjet\u00e1 kola sv\u011btov\u00e9ho trhu. Ten v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e ovl\u00e1dalo USA, ale ve spojitosti se Suezem to bylo zejm\u00e9na Britsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium, z\u00e1rove\u0148 do pr\u016fplavu investovalo nemal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky a stalo se tak jeho spr\u00e1vcem. Po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce je Suez ve spr\u00e1v\u011b \u201eAnglo-francouzsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu\u201c, i do t\u011bchto africk\u00fdch kon\u010din v\u0161ak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed neklid \u201eStuden\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c. Roku 1952 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k Egypt\u011b, na jeho\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed Suez le\u017e\u00ed, k vojensk\u00e9mu pu\u010di, kr\u00e1l je sesazen a vyhn\u00e1n a Egypt je prohl\u00e1\u0161en republikou. Po 2 letech vnit\u0159n\u00edch boj\u016f se do jeho \u010dela stav\u00ed prezident Gam\u00e1l N\u00e1sir, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed v\u016fdce p\u0159evratu. My\u0161lenkov\u011b spolu s cel\u00fdm Egyptem sm\u011b\u0159uje ke komunistick\u00e9mu SSSR, mimo jin\u00e9 tak za\u010dne mluvit i o zn\u00e1rod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. To se stane skv\u011blou z\u00e1minkou pro obsazen\u00ed Suezu, ve skute\u010dnosti jde o to, \u017ee N\u00e1sir chce vyb\u00edrat poplatky za pr\u016fjezd Suezem pro Egypt, aby naplnil st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladnu a financoval stavbu ob\u0159\u00ed Asu\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady. 26. \u010dervence 1956tak za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u201eSuezsk\u00e1 krize\u201c a Z\u00e1pad mus\u00ed jednat. Pon\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie spolu s Franci\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed USA vt\u00e1hnout do konfliktu s Egyptem, americk\u00fd prezident D. Eisenhower v\u0161ak striktn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1. D\u016fvod je jasn\u00fd \u2013 boj s Egyptem neschvaluje OSN, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 tehdy navzdory Studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce velk\u00fd vliv. Kdyby USA vstoupilo do v\u00e1lky, ztrat\u00ed na p\u016fd\u011b OSN punc \u201etoho lep\u0161\u00edho\u201c a nebude moci \u0159e\u0161it potla\u010den\u00ed Ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed Sov\u011bty, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u00edhalo. Britsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r A. Eden se rozhodne pro riskantn\u00ed krok a spolu s Franci\u00ed se dohodnou na \u00fatoku s Izraelem, \u00fahlavn\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem Egypta. Izraelsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r D. Gurion souhlas\u00ed a 29. \u0159\u00edjnap\u0159es Sinajsk\u00fd poloostrov za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na nep\u0159ipraven\u00fd Egypt. Brit\u00e1nie pokra\u010duje ve sv\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu. Pod\u00e1 jednodenn\u00ed ultim\u00e1tum (na kter\u00e9m se s Izraelem p\u0159edem dohodla) vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011b strany k ukon\u010den\u00ed boj\u016f a opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Suezu. Dle p\u0159edpoklad\u016f Egypt odm\u00edt\u00e1, a tak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed britsko-francouzsk\u00e1 invaze 79 tis\u00edc mu\u017e\u016f. Suez je rychle dobyt a v\u00e1lka zd\u00e1 se ukon\u010den\u00e1.  Vz\u00e1p\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ne\u010dekan\u00fd zvrat na ne\u010dekan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b \u2013 na p\u016fd\u011b OSN USA a SSSR spole\u010dn\u011b odsoud\u00ed britsko-francouzsko-izraelsk\u00fd \u00fatok na Egypt a v\u0161echny 3 st\u00e1ty vyzvou k okam\u017eit\u00e9 kapitulaci. Sov\u011bti hroz\u00ed \u00fatokem na Lond\u00fdn a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e a USA cht\u011bj\u00ed vypustit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1soby britsk\u00e9 libry na trh, co\u017e by ji absolutn\u011b znehodnotilo. V prosinci 1956je tedy skute\u010dn\u011b dobojov\u00e1no a o v\u00fdsledku nerozhodli voj\u00e1ci ale diplomat\u00e9. Brit\u00e1nie, Francie i Izrael se st\u00e1hnou a Suez a Sinajsk\u00fd poloostrov obsad\u00ed \u201em\u00edrov\u00e9 jednotky OSN\u201c, Suez i poplatky z n\u011bj z\u016fstaly Egyptu. A co \u201eSuezsk\u00e1 krize\u201c zm\u011bnila? Sv\u011btov\u00fdmi mocnostmi se nadobro staly USA a SSSR, Brit\u00e1nie definitivn\u011b ztratila svou pozici velmoci a co je hlavn\u00ed &#8211; cel\u00fd sv\u011bt zjistil, jak nejednotn\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1ty Z\u00e1padu, kter\u00e9 byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za ony \u201eochr\u00e1nce sv\u011btov\u00e9ho m\u00edru\u201c.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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